-
1 cycle economy
экономичность цикла
тепловая экономичность
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > cycle economy
-
2 cycle economy
1) Техника: экономичность цикла2) Электротехника: тепловая экономичность -
3 cycle economy
-
4 heat economy
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > heat economy
-
5 thermal effect
тепловое действие
тепловой эффект
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > thermal effect
-
6 upturn
ʌpˈtə:n
1. сущ.
1) подъем, рост экономический, благосостояния, цен и т.п.) There will be no quick upturn in the economy. ≈ В экономике не будет быстрого роста.
2) переворот, потрясение the dramatic upturn in his fortune ≈ драматический поворот в его судьбе Syn: upheavel
2. гл.
1) направлять(ся), поворачивать(ся) вверх
2) переворачивать Syn: turn over подъем, улучшение - an * in business улучшение в делах повышение, рост ( цен и т. п.) (разговорное) хаос, смятение рубец( на платье) перевертывать поднимать кверху (лицо, глаза и т. п.) подниматься вверх( о взгляде и т. п.) приводить в смятение cyclical ~ циклический подъем incipient ~ начинающееся улучшение ~ in demand повышение спроса ~ in economic cycle восходящая стадия экономического цикла ~ in economic cycle экономический подъем ~ in economic cycle экономический рост ~ in inflation рост инфляции -
7 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
8 political
прил.1) политическийSee:political activity, political adventurism, political anthropology, political apathy, political arena, political arithmetic, political astrology, political asylum, political attitude, political authority, political autonomy, political awareness, political behaviour, political behaviouralism, political bureau, political bureaucracy, political business cycle, political center, political centre, political centrism, political class, political cleavage, political clique, political collective unconsciousness, political confidence, political conflict, political consciousness, political conservatism, political conspiracy, political correctness, political corruption, political credit risk, political culture, political cybernetics, political cycle, political democracy, political determinism, political development, political drift, political economy, political education, political elite, political emblems, political engagement, political environment, political family, political figure, political finance, political forecasting, political freedom, political fund, political game, political geography, political globalization, political history, political ideology, political inactivity, political indoctrination, political inflation, political integration, political involvement, political leader, political leadership, political legitimacy, political leverage, political man, political manipulation, political market, political marketing, political martyr, political martyrdom, political mobilization, political modernization, political mood, political movement, political myth, political mythology, political negativism, political obstruction, political organization, political participation, political party, political passivity, political philosophy, political police, political power, political powers, political pragmatism, political prediction, political pressure, political priorities, political process, political prognostication, political propaganda, political psychology, political rationalism, political rationality, political reaction, political realism, political regime, political rehabilitation, political relations, political representation, political rhetoric, political right, political risk, political ritual, political romanticism, political science, political scientists, political sectarianism, political self-consciousness, political sight, political situation, political socialization, political society, political sociology, political space, political sphere, political stability, political strategy, political strike, political surveillance, political symbols, political system, political tactics, political technology, political theory, political thought, political time, political tolerance, political utopia, political values, political broker, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 20002) гос. упр. государственныйSee:3) пол. связанный с политикой определенной партии; узкопартийныйSee: -
9 market
1. сущ.1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)COMBS:
It is cheaper to buy vegetables from the market than from a shop. — Овощи дешевле покупать на рынке, чем в магазине.
Syn:marketplace 1), bazaar 1)See:2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)to place [to put\] goods on the market, to bring goods to market — предлагать товар к продаже
In 1930 the first home laundry machine and refrigerator were put on the market. — В 1930 г. на рынке появилась первая бытовая стиральная машина и холодильник.
ATTRIBUTES [structure\]: actual 1. 1), auction 1. 1), call 1. 1), n6б, captive 1. 1), n4, classical 1. 3), concentrated 1. 1) а), continuous 1. 1) а), first 2. 3) а), forward 1. 1), n4, fourth, imperfect 1. 1), б, inside 2. 1) а), intermediate 2. 2) а), inverted 1. 3), monopolistic, oligopolistic, one-sided 1. 3), one-way 2. 4) а), open outcry, outcry, over-the-counter 2. 1) а), over-the-telephone, parallel 2. 1) а), perfect 1. 1), n2б, pitching, physical 2. 1) а), public 1. 1), n4, pure 1. 1) а), retail 2. 1) а), screen-based, second 1. 1), n2, sideways 2. 6) а), spot 2. 1) а), third 2. 3) а), wholesale 2. 1) а)
ATTRIBUTES [legality\]: administered 1), bear 1. 2), black 1. 3) а), blocked 1. 2) а), controlled, democratic 1), formal 1. 1) а), free 1. 1) а), informal 1), б, illicit, kerb, organized 1), в, overt 1. 2) а), regulated, rigged 1. 2) а)
See:CHILD [product\]: product market, financial market, services market, political market, pollution permit market, related markets CHILD [structure\]: actual market 2), 3), aftermarket 1), auction market, call market, carrying market, cash market, 1), 1), continuous market, double auction market, double-auction market, first market, forward market, fourth market, imperfect market, inside market 2), inter-dealer market, intermediate market, inverted market, monopolistic market, non-exchange market, off-board market, oligopolistic market, one-sided market, one-way market, open outcry market, OTC market, outcry market, 2), over-the-counter market, over-the-counter securities market, over-the-telephone market, parallel market, perfect market, physical market, public market 2), pure market, retail market, screen-based market, second market, spot market, street market 1), third market, upstairs market 2), wholesale market CHILD [legality\]: administered market, bear market 2), black market 1) а), blocked market, closed market, controlled market, formal market, free market, free and open market, informal market, grey market 1) а), illicit market, kerb market, organized market, price-making market, regulated market 1) а), rigged market, self-regulated market, access to market, market access, market disruption, inside market 1), 1), market-determined price3)а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)COMBS:
The European market for this product is estimated at $10 billions during next 5 years. — По оценкам, объем европейского рынка этого продукта будет равен 10 млрд долл. в течение ближайших пяти лет.
ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), assured 1. 2), brisk 1. 1), business 1. 4) а), commercial 1. 1), consumer 1. 1), consumers, customer 1. 1), dealer 1. 1), б, enterprise 1. 2) а), government 1. 7) а), heavy user, industrial 1. 1), а, institutional 1. 1), а, manufacturing 2. 1) а), organizational, personal 1. 2) а), potential, producer 1. 1), professional 1. 1), promising, ready 1. 1), reseller, trade 1. 2), world 2. 1) а)
See:actual market 1), assured market, brisk market, business market, commercial market, consumer market, consumers market, consumers' market, customer market, dealer market, enterprise market, government market, heavy-user market, industrial market, institutional market, large-volume market, manufacturing market, organizational market, personal market 1), potential market 1) б), producer market, professional market, promising market, ready market, reseller market, trade market, world market 2) б)б) эк. потребителиATTRIBUTES: brand-loyal, control 3. 1), conventional 3. 2), core 2. 2), exploratory, intended, main 1. 1), mass 3. 1), personal 3. 2), potential, primary 2. 2), n2, principal 2. 2), n1, prospective, target 3. 1), test 3. 1), traditional
Syn:See:brand-loyal market, control market, conventional market, core market, exploratory market, intended market, main market 2), personal market 2), potential market 2) а), primary market 2), principal market 1) а), prospective market, target market, test market, traditional market, market acceptance, market attritionв) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)ATTRIBUTES: colonial, domestic 2) а), export 3. 2) а), external 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) а), global 1. 1) а), home 2. 2) а), internal 1. 2) а), international 1. 1) а), dispersed, distant 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), nation-wide, nationwide, overseas 1. 2) а), regional, scattered 1. 1) а), world 2. 1) а), world-wide
Syn:See:colonial market, domestic market 1), export market, external market 1), foreign market 1), global market, home market, internal market 1), 2), international market, dispersed market, distant market, local market, national market, nation-wide market, overseas market, regional market, scattered market, world market 1), worldwide market, new-to-market, old-to-marketг) марк. = market segmentATTRIBUTES:
ATTRIBUTES: concentrated 1) а), craft 1. 1) а), demographic, downscale 1. 2) а), heterogeneous, homogeneous, high-income, low-end, metro, metropolitan, middle-aged, middle-class, mid-range, military, rural, specialized, specialty, silver 2. 3) а), upscale 1. 2) а), youth 2. 4) а)
See:black market 2), 2), craft market, demographic market, downmarket, down-market, downscale market, heterogeneous market, homogeneous market, high-income market, low-end market, lower end of the market, middle-aged market, middle-class market, mid-range market, military market 2) б), specialized market, specialty market, silver market 1) б), upscale market, youth market4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 3), advancing, bid 1. 3), bear 1. 2), barren 1. 3), broad 1. 1), bull 1. 2), close II 2. 3) в), competitive II 2. 2) а), complete 1. 2), confident II 2. 1) а), congested, contango, contestable, crossed II 2. 2) а), crowded II 2. 1) а), а, dead 1. 2), declining, deep II 2. 2) а), depressed II 2. 2) а), б, differentiated, dull II 2. 1) а), efficient II 2. 1) а), б, emerging, established II 2. 1) а), expanding, falling, fast II 1. 2) а), fertile II 2. 1) а), firm I 1. 1) а), flat I 2. 4) а), graveyard, growing 1. 1), growth II 2. 1) а), heavy II 2. 1) а), inactive II 2. 2) а), increasing, jumpy II 2. 1) а), б, languid II 2. 2) а), limited II 2. 1) а), liquid I 2. 6) а), locked II 2. 2) а), lucrative, mature 1. 2), narrow 1. 1), nervous I 2. 5) б), normal I 1. 5) б), offered, overstocked II 2. 1) а), а, pegged I 1. 3) б), present I 2. 2) б), price-sensitive, productive I 1. 3) б), profitable II 2. 1) а), protected, recession-hit, restricted II 2. 1) а), restrictive II 2. 1) а), rising, sagging I 2. 2) б), saturated I 1. 3) б), seller II 2. 1) а), а, selective I 2. 5) б), sensitive I 2. 4) б), short 1. 1), shrinking, slack I 2. 2) б), sluggish II 2. 2) а), soft I 2. 4) б), sold-out, stable I 2. 1) б), stagnant II 2. 1) а), static I 2. 2) б), steady 1. 1), stiff 1. 1), б, strong II 2. 2) а), technically strong, technically weak, tight I 2. 4) б), wide II 2. 1) а)
See:active market, advancing market, bid market, bear market 1), Big Emerging Markets, broad market, bull market, buyers' market, close market, competitive market, complete market, contango market, contestable market, crossed market, crowded market, dead market, declining market, deep market, depressed market, differentiated market, dull market, efficient market, emerging market, established market, expanding market, fast market, fertile market, firm market, flat market, growing market, inactive market, jumpy market, languid market, lemons market, limited market, liquid market, locked market, lucrative market, market of lemons, mature market, narrow market, normal market, offered market, overstocked market, pegged market, present market, price-sensitive market, productive market, profitable market, protected market, recession-hit market, restricted market, restrictive market, rising market, sagging market, saturated market, sellers market, seller's market, sellers' market, selective market, sensitive market, short market, shrinking market, slack market, sluggish market, soft market, sold-out market, stable market, stagnant market, static market, steady market, stiff market, strong market, technically strong market, technically weak market, tight market, wide market5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)See:7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)ATTRIBUTES: common 1) а), single 2) а)
See:common market, single market, Andean Common Market, Arab Common Market, Central American Common Market, Central American Common Market, common market, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa2. гл.1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространятьto receive approval from X agency to market the product — получить разрешение от органа Х на распространение продукта
2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигатьE-mail is recognized as the easiest and cheapest way to market your organization, your programs, and your issues. — Электронная почта считается самым легким и недорогим способом продвижения [рекламирования\] вашей организации, ваших программ и вашей работы.
See:3. прил.1) эк. рыночныйAnt:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)See:market activity 1), market behaviour 2), market capitalism, 1), market competition, market conduct, market discipline, market economy, market exchange, market fundamentalism, market ideology, market mechanism, market mode of coordination, market order of worth, market political culture, market sector 3), market socialism, market system, market transactionSee:market absorption, market acceptance, market activity 2), market appraisal, market area, market attractiveness, market attrition, market audience, market basket, market behaviour 1), market breadth, market break, market breakdown, market cap, market capacity, market capitalization, market challenger, 2), market clearance 2), market clearing, market communications, market composition, market concentration, market condition, market conditions 2), market coverage, market decline, market definition, market demand, market depth, market disequilibrium, market dominance, market dynamics, market equilibrium, market expectation, market expectations, market failure, market focus, market follower, market form, market glut, market grade, 1), market growth, market homogeneity, market interest rate, market intermediary, market jitters, market leader, market leadership, market level 2), market maker, market making, market needs, market nicher, market organization, market out, market participant, market partnership, market pattern, market position, market potential, market power, market presence, market pressure, market price, market profile, market quality 2), market quotation, market rate, market rate of interest, market range, market reaction, market requirements, market resistance, market response, market return, market satisfaction, market saturation, market segment, market selection, market sensitivity, market sentiment, market share, market situation 1), market size, market stability, market standard, market standing, market structure, market supply, market tone, market trader, market trend, market undertone, market user, market value, market value added, market volume, market weight 2) Market EyeSee:market analysis, market analyst, market approach, market arbitrage, market audit, market average, market barrier, market build-up, market channel, market clearance 1), market closing, market conditions 1), market conversion price, market cycle, market data, market development, market discount, market entry, market evidence, market exit, market expansion, market experiment, market exploration, market exposure, market factor, market fluctuation, market fluctuations, market forces, market forecast, market forecasting, 2), market hours, market incentive, market index, market indicator, market information, market inroad, market intelligence, market interface, market investigation, market letter, market level 1), market liquidity, market manager, market mapping, market matching, market maximization, market model, market modification, market movement, market multiple, market niche, market node, market opening, market opportunity, market order, market orientation, market outlet, market penetration, market performance, market period, market plan, market planning, market portfolio, market positioning, market prognosis, market ratio, market report, market research, market researcher, market reversal, market review, market risk, market rollout, market sector 1), &2, market segmentation, market selectivity, market sharing, market signal, market situation 2), market skimming, market specialist, market specialization, market stimulant, market strategy, market study, market survey, market sweep, market target, market targeting, market test, market testing, market timer, market timing2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)market fish — товарная рыба, рыба для продажи
market stock — товарный скот, скот для продажи
market vegetables — товарные овощи, овощи для продажи
Syn:marketable 3)See:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)
* * *
market; Mkt; mart 1) рынок: организованная или неформальная система торговли товарами, услугами или финансовыми инструментами на основе четких правил (напр., фондовая биржа); 2) рыночные цены, состояние конъюнктуры; 3) совокупность людей или юридических лиц, предъявляющих текущий или потенциальный спрос на товары услуги; равнозначно спросу; 4) основные участники финансового рынка: дилеры, торгующие за свой счет, посредники и покупатели; 5) = marketplace; 6) рынок как столкновение спроса и предложения покупателей и продавцов, в результате которого определяется цена товара; 7) (to) продавать; см. marketing; 8) = market value; 9) "The Market"= Dow Jones Industrial Average.* * *рынок; рыночное хозяйство; рыночная экономика; рыночный механизм; спрос; конъюнктура. Как правило, употребляется применительно к фондовому рынку. 'Сегодня рынок упал' означает, что в этот день стоимость сделок на фондовом рынке снизилась . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *организованное собрание/встреча людей, на которой происходит торговля ценными бумагами-----территория, на которой встречаются продавцы и покупатели, чтобы обменяться тем, что представляет ценность-----конъюнктурный обзор; бюллетень о состоянии рынка -
10 развитие
ср.
1) development;
evolution совершать цикл развития ≈ cycle духовное развитие ≈ intellectual development
2) (степень зрелости) maturityс.
1. development;
~ событий development of events;
~ народного хозяйства development of the (national) economy;
~ общества social development, development of society;
2. (степень зрелости) maturity;
общее ~ general( intellectual) maturity;
политическое ~ political level.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > развитие
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11 measure
1) мера; показатель; мерило; критерий || измерять2) мероприятие, мера -
12 motion
движение, ход, перемещение, подача, механизм, передвижение, такт
– motion channel
– motion composer
– motion computation
– motion control
– motion control loop
– motion correction
– motion correction resolution
– motion cycle
– motion database
– motion economy principle
– motion equation
– motion execution
– motion flow
– motion forecasting
– motion formation problem
– motion freedom
– motion generation program
– motion generation resolution
– motion generation subsystem
– motion generation system
– motion generator
– motion interference
– motion law
– motion level language
– motion material
– motion path
– motion pattern
– motion plan
– motion plane
– motion planning
– motion primitive
– motion program
– motion refinement
– motion repeatability
– motion repertoire
– motion restriction
– motion scheme
– motion screw
– motion sensing
– motion sequence
– motion sequence programming
– motion skeleton
– motion smoothing
– motion space
– motion span
– motion specification
– motion stability
– motion stabilization
– motion start
– motion study
– motion succession
– motion synthesis
– motion timing
– motion-average forecasting
– motion-planning computer
– motion-velocity graph
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13 expansion
n1) рост, развитие, расширение2) увеличение3) экспансия
- balanced expansion
- banking expansion
- business expansion
- business cycle expansion
- capital expenditure expansion
- capital investment expansion
- credit expansion
- cumulative expansion
- cyclical expansion
- delivery expansion
- diagonal expansion
- domestic credit expansion
- economic expansion
- enterprise expansion
- foreign trade expansion
- industrial expansion
- market expansion
- monetary expansion
- output expansion
- rapid expansion
- sales expansion
- territorial expansion
- trade expansion
- vertical expansion of demand
- expansion of the assortment
- expansion of ATM network
- expansion of automatic telling machines network
- expansion of consumption
- expansion of cooperation
- expansion of credit relations
- expansion of currency
- expansion of currency relations
- expansion of demand
- expansion of deposits
- expansion of economic relations
- expansion of an enterprise
- expansion of exchange
- expansion of exports
- expansion of financial transactions
- expansion of imports
- expansion of international cooperation
- expansion of multilateral contacts
- expansion of operations
- expansion of production
- expansion of production volume
- expansion of the range of goods
- expansion of relations
- expansion of sales
- expansion of shadow economy
- expansion of ties
- expansion of trade
- expansion of value
- achieve expansionEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > expansion
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14 measure
1. n1) мера, единица измерения2) мерка; размер3) масштаб, критерий4) мероприятие, мера
- accurate measure
- adjustment measures
- administrative measures
- anti-avoidance measures
- anti-delinquency measures
- anti-evasion measures
- antiinflationary measures
- antiterrorism measures
- austerity measures
- coercive measure
- collective measures
- compensating measures
- compulsory measures
- confidence-building measures
- consolidating measures
- constitutional measures
- corrective measures
- cost-effectiveness measure
- cubic measures
- dependency measure
- devaluation measures
- disadvantageous tax measures
- discriminatory measures
- drastic measures
- dry measures
- economy measures
- effective measures
- effectiveness measure
- effectual measures
- emergency measures
- enforcement measures
- environmental measures
- extreme measures
- fierce measures
- follow-up measures
- governmental measures
- health measure
- immediate measures
- imperial measures
- industrial safety measures
- inefficient measures
- interim measures
- legislative measures
- linear measures
- liquid measures
- metric measures
- money measure
- performance measure
- practical measures
- precautionary measures
- preference measure
- preparatory measures
- preventive measures
- priority measures
- profitability measure
- proper measures
- protectionist measures
- protective measures
- provisional measures
- publicity measures
- rationing measures
- reliability performance measure
- restrictive measures
- retaliatory measures
- revenue measures
- revenue-enhancement measures
- safety measures
- security measures
- square measures
- standard measure
- status measure
- tax measures
- tax-raising measures
- temporary measures
- timely measures
- tough measures
- trade measures
- unit measure
- unlawful measures
- urgent measures
- utility measure
- volume measures
- waiting measure
- measures against money laundering
- measures for dismantling monetary gaps
- measures for economic development
- measures for export restraint
- measures for import restraint
- measures for labour protection
- measures for sales promotion
- measures of area
- measures of assistance
- measures of business cycle
- measures of capacity
- measure of coercion
- measures of compulsion
- measure of concentration
- measure of consumption
- measures of control
- measure of damages
- measure of dispersion
- measures of economizing
- measure of effectiveness
- measure of labour intensity
- measure of last resort
- measures of precaution
- measure of precision
- measure of prices
- measure of priority
- measure of producibility
- measure of productivity
- measure of profitability
- measure of quality
- measure of reliability
- measure of utility
- measure of utilization
- measure of value
- measures of weight
- measures on labour protection
- measures to combat the legal avoidance of tax
- made to measure
- adopt fierce measures against price-fixing
- apply measures
- call off measures
- put measures into effect
- take measures
- undertake measures
- work out measures2. vEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > measure
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15 ups and downs
1) резкие изменения; резкие колебания2) скачки цен
- ups and downs in the economy
- ups and downs of a business cycleEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > ups and downs
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16 measure
n1) мера; мероприятие- adopt measures against smth.- direct measures against smth.- take measures against smth.2) мера; показатель; мерило; критерий• -
17 car
автомобиль; легковой автомобиль; тележка; повозка; вагон; вагонетка; электрокар- break new car- car body- car-care centre - car-carrier - car control for disabled drivers - car covers - car dealer - car door - car driver - car drives in first- second- car dumper - car elevator - car embodying chassis and body shell in one unit - car fleet - car for sale - car for the owner-driver - car lift - car lifting jack - CAR of the Year - car operation - car ownership - car park - car polish - car population - car post - car repair shop - car road test - car taken at random from assembly line - car washer - car washers - car washing plant - car wired for radio - car with four independent wheels - car with rigid axles - drive the car in first - keep a car propely tuned up - lay up a car for winter - let a car free-wheel - overtyre a car - put a car on the road - new car on the road - start a car in gear - style a car - the car has good or poor wind shape - the car has good or air shape - the car has km on it - the so many km on it - the car nose-dives - the car oversteers - the car understeers - undertyre a car - winterize a car - ambulance car- baby car- base car- battery car - box car - cab-forward car - type car - cab-over-engine car - cattle car - chain-driven car - charging car - cistern car - city car - closed car - combat car - command car - commercial car - commuter car - compact car - competition car - convertible car - soft-top car - course car - crane car - cross-country car - custom-built car - cycle-car - demonstration car - diesel car - diesel-motor car - door-type car - dream car - drop-bottom car - drop-frame car - dummy car - dump car - economy car - electric car - electric motor car - emergency car - enclosed car - estate car - exhibition car - experimental car - express freight car - express goods motor car - family car - five-seater car - flag car - flat car - four-light car - freight car - front-drive car - front-wheel-drive car - front wheel drive car - full-size car - funeral car - gas-electric car - gasoline tank car - goods car - half-track car - half-track armoured car - hardtop car - high-performance car - high-priced car - high-speed car - hire car - Humberette scout car - Hummer armoured car - hybrid car - imported car - independently sprung car - isothermal liquefied gas tank car - jet-powered car - ladle car - large car - large-capacity car - left-hand drive car - light car - limit-production car - limited-edition car - line axle car - little-used car - low-price car - low-sided car - luxury car - mass-produced car - medium car - medium-powered car - mid-engined car - midjet car - mine car - mini-car - motor car - motor water car - nitrocellulose paint for car bodies - non-tipping car - oil tank car - open car - oversteering car - package car - partially loaded car - passenger car - patrol car - people's car - performance car - permanent open car - peraonal car - petroleum car - plastics-bodied car - pleasure car - police car - pony car - popular car - postal car - premium car - present-day car - private car - production car - prototype car - race car - racing car - racing-sport car - radio car - rail car - railway car loader - railway motor car - rarity car - rear-drive car - rear-engined car - rear-steering car - reconnaissance car - record car - renewed car - rental car - repair car - right-hand car - road car - road-tank car - road-test car - rotary car dumper - scout car - second-hand car - sedan car - self-discharge car - semienclosed car - seven-seater car - shop car - short-chassis car - show car - side car - sightseeing car - slag car - sledge car - small medium car - solar car - speed car - sport-racing car - sports car - sprint car - stake car - standard car - station car - steam car - stock car - street car - street watering car - motoring car - stretched car - supercharged car - supervisor's car - tank-car - taximeter car - test car - thoroughbred car - tonnage of a car dumper - touring car - tow-car - town car - trail car - trailer car - trailing car - traveller's car - tripping car - trouble car - two-seater car - unattended car - understeering car - unitary-construction car - unit-construction car - used car - utility car - vehicle car - vintage car - volume car -
18 device
приспособление; механизм; устройство; установка; прибор; аппарат (см. также apparatus, instrument, mechanism); элемент; компонент; метод; методика; процедура; способ; план; проект; схема; эмблема; амер. значок- device capacity - device class - device complexity - device control character - device control register - device control unit - device coordinates - device cycle - device directory - device docking - device driver - device error message - device executive - device for all-range centrifugal regulator correction - device ID - device independent - device integration - device operating failures - device queue - device resolution - device stability - device status condition - device under test - activation device - alarm device - anticrash device - AND device - anti-dazzling device - anticollision device - anticreep device - antidive device - antijamming device - antijoy ride device - antipumping device - antiroll device - antirotation device - assembly feed device - automatic arm locking device - automatic tracking device - bit rotation device - breakaway device - breakaway safety device - breakout device - bridge device - bridging device - built-in diagnostic device - bucket-tipping device - casing-rotating device - catch device - catching device - center-locating device - central control device - chain-stretching device - chain-type leveling device - levelling device - changeover device - character display device - charging device - checking device - chip control device - chip flushing device - choice device - chuck jaw-changing device - chuck jaw-forming device - chuck location device - chucking device - circular milling device - clearance device - clearing device - clever device - clutch antirotation device - clutch-operating device - code device - coded automatic reader device - cold-start device - compensating device - complete device - compliance device - compliant device - computer access device - conditioning device - constant hydrostatic head device - constant tension device - constant torque device - contact device - contact sealing device - continuously variable adjustment device - control device - control-monitor device - control device controlling device - controlled device - controlled handling device - controlling device - conveying-loading device - coolant transfer device - copying device - correcting device - crane device - cross rail clamping device - current-collecting device - custom's device - cutoff device - cut-out device - cutter angle testing device - cutter-checking device - cutter-trueing device - damping device - data storage device - data-setting device - deburring device - deep hole tapping device - defective device - delta-connected device - density device - depth-measuring device - differential device - differential speed reduction device - digital measuring device - dimension monitoring device - directed beam display device - discrete output device - disengaging device - disk-type leveling device - display device - distance-measuring device - diverting device - dividing device - dragging device - dressing device - drilling device - drive device - driven device - driving roller device - duplicating device - edging device - educational device - electric control device - electromechanical locking device in case of rope failure - electronic storage device - emergency cutoff device - emergency-knockoff device - emergency release device - emergency stop device - emission control device - emptying device - end device device - end-finishing device - end-machining device - end-of-arm tooling safety device - energy storage device - error-detection device - error-sensing device - escapement device - estimation device - etching device - executive device - expandable holding device - external diagnostic device - external read-in device - fail-active device - fail-passive device - fail-safe device - failure-detection device - failure-indicating device - failure-sensing device - fastening device - fault-isolation device - fault-locating device - feed control device - feeding device - fifth-wheel device - finger-type leveling device - finger-type levelling device - fixed length stroke device - fixing device - fixturing device - flaw-detecting device - flotation device - flow control device - flow-diverting device - fluid logic device - four-arm device - fuel-metering device - fuel run-out warning device - functional switching device - galvanic device - gas discharge device - gas-partitioning device - go-no-go device - grabbing device - graphic input device - gravitational separating device - gravity device - gripping device - guard device - guide device - Hall device - Hall-effect device - handling device - hard-wired command-and-control device - hauling device - height-measuring device - height setting-and-measuring device - helical milling device - high-pressure cleaning device - hoisting device - hold-down device - hold-off device - holding device - holding down device - hole-locating device - homing device - honing device - hooking device - hopper-type loading device - hydraulic releasing device - hydraulic retaining device - hydraulically actuated retaining device - ignition device - in-line device - in-process gaging device - in-process storage device - indexing device - indicating device - indicator device - inertial energy-storage device - information-processing device - input device - input-output device - inspection device - insulation monitoring device - interference detection device - interlock device - interlocking device - isolating device - jarring device - jaw shift device - jet device - joint device - knock-off device - labour-saving device - latching device - laying device - lift device - lift device with insulating arm - lifting device - limiting device - linear measuring device - load-handling device - load safety device - load-unload device - loading device - loading-unloading device - locating device - locking device - long lateral device - long normal device - low-frequency galvanic device - lubricating device - M-code device - machine retaining device - machine-dedicated device - machining device - magnetic holding device - magnetic medium input device - magnetic release device - magnetic testing device - magnetizing device - make-and-break device - manual input device - marking device - master device - master locating device - matching device - material-handling device - materials-handling device - measuring device - mechanical switching device - mechanical system diagnostic device - mending device - metering device - metrology room device - microautomatic device - microfocused device - micrometric displacement device - microspacing device - minimum-current release device - miter-cutting device - mixing device - monitoring device - monostable device - motion translation device - movement position device - muffling device - multichannel analyzer device - multidigit display device - multipallet automatic pallet-changing device - multipart clamping device - multiple switching device - multipoint measuring device - night viewing device - noise-attenuating device - noise-eliminating device - nondeteriorating device - nonsynchronous loading device - normal device - normal logging device - numerical control device - nut-locking device - off-line device - offloading device - offtake device - oiling device - oleodynamic device - on-line device - operating device - operation-performing device - optical reading device - optical scanning device - optoelectronic device - OR device - orienting device - origin-shift device - output device - oval turning device - overcurrent release device - overload-detecting device - overload device - overload prevention device - overload-protection device - overload release device - overload safety device - override-idle economy device - pallet load-unload device - pallet locating-and-clamping device - pallet shuttle device - pallet transfer device - pallet transport device - part handling-and-storage device - part-marking device - part present device - part presentation device - part probing device - partitioning device - pen-equipped device - peripheral recording device - permanent insulation monitoring device - personal protective device - photoelectric device - photoelectric semiconductor device - photosensitive device - pick device - pick-and-place device - pickup device - pipe collapsing device - pipe-cutting device - pipe hoisting device - pipe makeup and breakout automatic device - pipe-shearing device - pipe stabber device - pit level device - plotting device - plug-in device - plugging device - pointer device - pointer-type device - pointing device - poligon-cutting device - polyphase device - polyphase electrical device - porosity-estimating device - porosity-sensitive device - position control device - positioning device - power-assisted clamping device - power chucking device - preselector device - presence sensing device - pressure abnormal fall detecting device - pressure-difference device - pressure fall preventing device - pressure-sensing device - primary device - printing device - probe control device - probe-changing device - probing device - process-monitoring device - profiling device - program transfer device - programmable device - programmable wheel trueing device - projection optical device - propulsion device - propulsive device - protecting device - protective device - puller device - pulling device - pushing device - radial stretching device - radius planing device - radius trueing device - rail-clamping device - rail-setting device - ratchet device - ratcheting device - reading device - readout device - ready-not-ready device - reclosing device - recognition device - recording device - redundancy device - redundant device - regulating device - regulator device - relay device - releasing device - relief device - relieving device - remote maintenance device - repairable device - resetting device - resistivity measuring device - resolver position measuring device - rest device - restraint device - retaining device - retrieval device - return spring device - reverse-current release device - reverse-thrust device - reversing device - right-angle orientating device - robot device - robot-like device - robot load-unload device - robot part-handling device - robotic device - robotic inspection device - robotic loading device - rocking device - roll feed device - rotary machining device - rotary power-torque device - rotating device - sand-spraying device - safety device - safety alarm device - safety control device - safety interlock device - safety locking device - safety slipping device - sampling device - scanning device - scraping device - screening device - screw copying device - screw locking device - sealing device - search device - searching device - securing device - seed-feeding device - sowing device - seed-sowing device - self-balancing device - self-diagnosis device - self-gripping device - self-healing device - self-leveling device - self-levelling device - self-reacting device - self-repair device - semiautomatic device - semiconductor device - semiconductor display device - semiconductor power device - semiconductor switching device - sending device - sensing device - sensing-switching device - sensor device - separation device - serial device - setting device - shaker device - shearing device - short normal device - short-time memory device - shut-down device - shut-off device - shuting-off device - sighting device - signal device - signaling device - single-lever locking device - single-phase device - single-phase electrical device - single-pole switching device - sizing device - skew-compensating device - slitter device - slowing-down device - smart device - smart power device - snap-action switching device - sonic device - sound emitting device - special machine retaining device - speed reduction device - speed-limit device - speed-limiting device - speed-sensing device - spindle-keylock device - spindle-keylocking device - spinning device - spiral milling device - split clamping device - spooling device - spraying device - spreading device - spring balancing device - squelch device - stall warning device - star-connected device - starting device - static switching device - steadying device - steering device - stirring device - stocking device - stop device - stopper-rod device - stopping device - storage device - stretching device - strip-off device - stroke device - surface-mounted device - swing arm device - swirling device - switch device - switching device - switch-type sensing device - switching-off device - table-tilting device - tactile sensing device - take-up device - taper-turning device - tapping device - tea-leaf harvesting device - picking device - telechiric device - telemetering device - tensioner device - tensioning device - testing device - thermal release device - thermoelectric device - three-axis sensing device - three-dimensional sensing device - three-linear axis device - thrust-vectoring device - tightening device - tilting device - time-cycling device - time-delay device - tipping device - tool-changing device - tool-checking device - tool feed control device - tool-guiding device - tool life control device - tool-loading device - tool-pregaging device - tool-presetting device - tool-setting device - tool storage device - toolholder-changing device - toolholding device - torque release device - tracing device - transfer device - trip-free mechanical switching device - tripping device - trouble-location device - trouble-shooting device - trueing device - trunnion device - tube end finishing device - tube-cutting device - tube-trimming device - turnaround device - turnover device - twin-pallet rotating device - two-axis sensing device - ultrasonic proximity device - universal machine retaining device - upsetting device - unwinding device - variable gain device - variable speed device - vector-measuring device - visible light emission device - warning device - washing device - water suction device - waveguide protection device - wear-sensing device - weighting device - wheel-trueing device - withdrawing device - work recognition device - work rest device - work-staging device - work transfer device - workhandling device - workholding device - workpiece holddown device - workpiece-sensing device - workpiece support device - worm-type leveling device - zero-resetting device - zero-setting device -
19 disintegration
1. n дезинтеграция; раздробление; измельчение2. n разложение на составные части3. n распадение, разрушение, распад4. n геол. разрушение, выветривание5. n хим. физ. расщеплениеnuclear disintegration — ядерный распад, расщепление ядра
Синонимический ряд:1. breakdown (noun) breakdown; collapse; crash; downfall; failure; fall; smash2. decline (noun) atrophy; decadence; declination; decline; worsening3. ruin (noun) decimation; degeneration; destruction; deterioration; devastation; ruin; undoing4. wearing down (noun) abrasion; attrition; erosion; friction; grinding away; rubbing away; weakening; wearing away; wearing down -
20 economic
1. a экономический; хозяйственный, народнохозяйственный2. a экономически выгодный, целесообразный; рентабельный3. a практический, прикладнойeconomic botany — прикладная ботаника; сельскохозяйственная ботаника
4. a разг. экономный5. a разг. дешёвыйСинонимический ряд:1. material (adj.) material; monetary; productive2. mercantile (adj.) budgetary; business; commercial; financial; fiscal; industrial; marketable; mercantile; related to economy; trade; trading
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